Aims The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between psychological factors and impaired functioning of the MUSCULOSKELETAL system. Instrument & Methods To achieve the purpose of the study, numerous methods were used, including theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalisation) and practical (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales,Nordic MUSCULOSKELETAL Questionnaire,Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Statistical significance between the studied indicators was established using Cronbach’, s Alpha coefficient. Findings The results of the study established that employees who were in the range of average indicators according to the stress detection method had a higher risk of MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders. These rates were high even considering some variables, such as smoking, age, and body mass index scores. Conclusion Intense stress leads to disorders in the MUSCULOSKELETAL system. In particular, such emotions as anger, frustration, annoyance, confusion, tension, hatred, anxiety, and nervousness cause stress. Not only the experience and frequency of such feelings but also the repetition of actions and movements cause injuries or disorders of the MUSCULOSKELETAL system.

Background: The study of retirement of professional athletes and its consequences in recent years has attracted the attention of researchers. Disease monitoring and epidemiological studies are one of the basic elements of comprehensive efforts to protect the health of athletes. Methods: A researcher-made questionnaire was used to record MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES in volleyball, football and basketball sports. In this questionnaire, important and severe MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES were recorded based on priority. Registration of DISEASES was according to the region and type of disease. Results: The rate of MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES per 1000 hours of training among the studied groups showed that veteran basketball athletes per 1000 hours of training (2.40±1.30) were less than volleyball athletes (3.46±1.17) and football (3.98±0.84), had MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES. The most common area of the disease in all three disciplines studied was the knee (9.4% of all recorded DISEASES). MUSCULOSKELETAL pain was also shown as the most common disease in athletes (15.69% of all recorded DISEASES). Conclusion: The changes that occur in the muscular-skeletal structure of people with age can make people prone to MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES, and this possibility is more in people who engage in sports for the elderly than in other people. Considering that the data collection of the present study included 2 years of the corona disease pandemic, it is possible that this had an effect on the results of the research and caused changes in the type of activities and even the lifestyle of the athletes. Brought therefore, the need to study the epidemiology of MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES in the post-corona era is felt.

Introduction: Working in some kinds of jobs which include unsuitable body postures, repetitive motions and exposure to different risk factors of MUSCULOSKELETAL system, can lead, to more MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES and disorders such as household assembly manufacturing is one of them in comparison with other jobs.Objective: Evaluating the existing risk factors on job sites and also to assess the state of MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders among workers of a large household good assembling factory.Materials and Methods: The QEC checklist was used to evaluate work risk factors and Nordic questionnaire was used to determine incidence of MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders. Then the results were analyzed by SPSS soft ware.Results: The study showed that 85.3% of the persons who involved in this study had some kind's MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders. Extracting results from QEC checklist showed that nearly 82% of the assessed persons were exposed to sever ergonomic conditions especially in and low back.Conclusion: In spite of youth of the population and significant relationship between work experience and MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders the incidence of disorder is high. Also, influenced risk factors on the body, mostly in the regions of low back and neck, so the situation must be immediately improved.

Background and Objectives: MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders are common among children. Burden imposed on neck, shoulder and back areas by carrying schoolbags may result in MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders in students. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of MUSCULOSKELETAL symptoms and factors associated with these symptoms in students of Tehran.Methods: Three hundred and forty students participated in this Cross-sectional study. Students were selected from five primary and middle schools in five different regions of Tehran. MUSCULOSKELETAL disorder examination was based on Nordic Questionnarie and Body Map was used to determine the location of MUSCULOSKELETAL pain and discomfort. Cluster sampling was applied to select the required statistical sample. Data using independent T-test, were analysed with significant level of p<0.05.Results: Most common MUSCULOSKELETAL discomforts were observed in shoulders 37.9%, neck 28.5% and lumbar 17.4% areas. The differences between the avarage weight of schoolbag in those cases who had muculoeskeletal discomforts with those without such disorders, were significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, there is a close relationship between the weight of schoolbag and MUSCULOSKELETAL disorders in neck and/or shoulder and back in students. So, although it is believed that these disorders have different origin, carrying heavy schoolbags is very suspicious case in expressing these symptoms.